It was a naval base for the Allies during World War II and the Royal Australian Navy's Fleet Base West is located on Garden Island.
The city is served by Fremantle Harbour and Perth Airport. Notable government buildings include Parliament House, Government House, the Supreme Court Buildings and the Perth Mint. Perth contains a number of important public buildings as well as various historic sites. Several mining booms in other parts of Western Australia in the late 20th and early 21st centuries saw Perth become the regional headquarters for large mining operations. Post-war immigrants were predominantly from Britain and Southern Europe, while more recent arrivals have led to a large population of Asian descent.
It has grown steadily since World War II due to a high net migration rate. The city's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century. It gained city status in 1856, although the Perth City Council currently governs only a small area around the central business district. It was named after the city of Perth in Scotland, due to the influence of Stirling's patron Sir George Murray, who had connections with the area. Ĭaptain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony. Perth is located on the traditional lands of the Whadjuk Noongar people, where Aboriginal Australians have lived for at least 45,000 years. The city has expanded outward from the original British settlements on the Swan River, upon which the city's central business district and port of Fremantle are situated. Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia (WA).
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